Car.



PIATE'NTED DMS 1505,

. GAR APPLIGATION FILED DEG. Z0, 1902.

7/ A.f im

-PATBNTED DBG. 5

a W, A. -Gv-ASWELL..- Y

l GAR" V APPLICATION Hmm DBO. zo. 1902.;

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

la@ 5715l i5 7/ l7547/7/ l I PATIEN'TBD 133035:, 1995;;

LNo. 806,394.1 y

-6 SHEETS-Smm e.

W. A4., GASWELL..

GAR .4 PPLIUATION FILED DEO. 20, 19Z.

earner nesten.

WinLniM A.. casWELL, or onieaeo, iLLiNois,

aan, y f

To /tZZ- wlw/n, it may concern;

Be it known that I, WILLIAM A. Casiii'nnn, a citizen of the United States, residing ini/hicago, in the county of Cool; and State ot'lllinoie, have invented a new and nsefiil linprovement in Carshopwhich the following' is a specification. A

This invention relates to that class of freight- 4cars having a level floor adapted to the carryingr of any class of freight and provided with trap-doors adapted to be opened to dump .the loads when they consist of santhg'ravel.

, coal,`or grain, the ear being also adapted to' `plan, of the invention. Fig. 3 is a' partial longitudinal vertical section; Fig. 4e, a partial- Fig'. 5 is a par-f -he unloaded by shoveling. A type" of such cars is shown in my Patent No.'(%1Q,G70.

The main feature ofthe present invention4 is the dispensing with theside sills heretofore need in all ears of which l. have any knowiedge. ine to obtain an opening; aloner the sides of the car-,licor and outside the track snfiiciently large tor permit the discharge ot largev lumps of coal without hindrance, so that all the coal can be dumped outside the track into a chute or onto a sizing-grate and where even ii itis not' immediately removed it Will not interfere with the movement of the car. This feature is ot' great importance, especially in coal-ears. The trarrdoors employed are arranged in two series, one along each side of the ear, and are hinged at their inner edges and" are provided with novel ineansfor supporting and operating' them, ande/lien opened they deiect the Ycoal beyond the track,- so that the-latter remains unobstructed. All these and other fea-. tures, as well as the details of my construe tion` 'are fully set iorth lbelow and also illustrated in theaccompanyiiigdrawings, in'which latten j Figure l is aside elevation, and Figa'Q a plan ot the nixdorf-raiding. tial bottom plan. Fig. 6 is an end lelevation. Figs. 7, 8, and Q are partial transversel sections on diiierent planes. Fig. 10 is aseotion on line 10 10 ol' Fig. 7. Fig. 1l is a sec` tion on line il 1l ol Fig. 8. Fig. 12 is a section on line l2 .i2 of Fig. 9. Fig. 1.3 is a pany tial longitudinal section of the roller-shafts supporting' thedoorashowing the abutting ends of the aliried shafts on one side oi' the car.

Specification of ietters Patent.

`Application led December 20, 1902. Serial No. 135,949.

The oi'nitting ol' the side sills enables Patented Dec. 5, 1905.

showing oneoi' the door-supporting rollers. Fig. l5 isa side elevation of one ot the ri mined pinions upon the roller-'shaft Figs. 16, 17,

Fig. 14 is a similar section of one of the shafts,

and 18 are front elevations of said gears.

Fig'. 19 is a side View of one of the door-sup* porting rollers. Fig. 20 isa partial horizontal Fig. 2i is a detached view-of one ot' the raeks'o'f the door mechanism. lFig. 22 is an end elevation with .the hand or crank wheel omitted. Fig. 23 is'y a longitudinal section of the operating devises ofthe doornicehanism. Fig. .24 is anv enlarged plan of the d uniploorapartly broken away attivo points. Fis. 25 isa detaii section of the door and hinge on the line 25 o" Fig. 9.4i, and Fig.

26 is a partial elevation. showingthe` joint between the side erace'sind the Stakes.

In. said drawings lile lignres of reference 'indicate lilre'parts.

in said drawings, 3G' Irepresents the licor ot my improved car,.and in the nnderfrarning thereofvv there is a pair of `center sills 3l and 32, intermediatefsills Saind` Stand sills 35 and 86, transverse'or needlebearns 37 and 38, and holsters 39 and' d0. '.llie .intermediate sills are at somedistaneefroni the side of the v caizand asthe ordinary side sill is dispensed with it will be seen thatopportiinity is thereby 4gained between the intermediate sills and the sides ot the car for thevvide doorways needed or larg-e coal, The trap or dump doors, of which there is a series on each side of the car, are shown at 41, and they are hinged 'at their inner `edges., so theiry outer edges may swing` downward, and they are'otherwise constructed and operated as hereinafter fully set forth.

The doors form a large part of thek loor area and 'its outer sideportions, and crossframc members are placed between each pair of them, so that they may be supported in.

their closed positions from the adjacent ineinbersorl the cross-training instead ot'- the longitndinalsilln; as is; the ,customary construetion. I'ihe walls oi the superstructure or box of the car are greatly strengthened over previoiiscons'trnctions, so thatl theyare adapted to assist materially in snpportingtheweight of the load. Thewalls'eonsistof-heav'y plank es, (though sheeifsteel may be used in piace of the nlanln) and they are braced hydiagonalbraces42 and bolted to the walllplanks by, bolts 43. These braces are not mere tying devices, but, on thecontrary, are made large enough` so` that ih addition to that function they lalso serve efliciently in stiifening the vwallsnand enabling them to resist the tendency tosag under the load. ,They project in'to the canafnd consequently the load willlodge'upon andi be supported by themto a very consid- 1e erable extent, andtothe .extent that theload 525x, V'Thebulginguof the sides under the pressure of-jtheloadisprevented by providing each of` vthe" sideswith a wide strong topr plate 48,'

cpntimrons v` lfrom end; to en d of the .car and secured to the bent-over yvvebsfl, of thestakes Q by1| riveting. The stakesthemselves are also rendered very rm ,against-the outward pressureof the load by extending them down, to

thelbottom ofthe bolsters and headers' and 5 arranging them `between the exterior castings 58.. and k76y and the webbed castings, herein.- a f ter..mentioned, to both: of' which tleyare firinlybolted. A series ot' truss-rods 49 ex`- tendfrom one end'sill to the other, passing voverthe bolsters and under thev queen-posts 49, 50,whichdepend from the.needlebeams. The

` endsfandhsidesof the boxor superstructurek are, secured together vat thecornersby wide nslebars. 5l, applied *to tbeutside. and la. tie-rod 53;; is .passed from side., to sideV of- *thel car 'at eachvend. y The floor `of A thecar consists 'irithemaiml of short pieces extending from tbe dporsfon one side to the doorsupon the other,` side; but over each cross-frame member between, the end v sills `apiece of `flmring 52, 59 `extending Afrom sidetolsideof lthe car, is emploredf 1 Qt the .underframing the center, intermediate, and end sills are of the usualeonstruction; but the holstersand other crossfram`e 55 members are novel in their design. The bolsters are clearly shown at Figs. 8 and 11, and they are provided with a strong metal strap 55, extending :from side to side of. 'the car above the `sills and immediately below the fioor 6o and having its ends bent downwardLasseen at 56. They are also provided with a bottom strap or fiat bar 57,f likewise extending from side to side and under the sills. Below the side planking on each side of the car is a hob' low casting 58, fillingthe space outside the bent ends 56 and under the planking` and the strap 57 is secured to it, as seen at 59. An angle-piece 60 is also employed at the junction of the bent end 56 with` strap 57, and it is bolted to both of them by bolts 61 and 62, the latter passing through the casting 58 also. Duplicate braces 63 connect the end 56 with the central portionvor strap 57 at each side of the web castingor plate 66 and are bolted to saidstraps. by bolts 64 and 65, of which the former passes through casting 58. A web castingror plate 66 fills the sparc betweenthe straps 55 and'57 and the end 56 and the intermediate sill and is provided with flanges at 'its-inner end,kwhereby it may be bolted to said sill, as seen at 67. The casting is forked at its outer end to enable it to partially'surround the ad jacent side stake and with laterallyprojecting lips 73, which are bolted to the straps 55` and 57. The straps 55 are also forked to enable them to set around the stakes. A hollow shell-casting 68 is placed between the intermediate and center sills and bolted to the latter by bolts 69. This casting is also provided with a wing 70, filling the open space between the intermediate sill and the strap 57, `with a shoulder 71 to support the center truss-rodv 49. Vertical bolts 72 extend through the floor, the sills, and the strap 57,

as shown, oneof them also passing through the wing 70. These features render the bolster unusually strong and amply able to sus tain ordinary loads. The outer truss-rod is passed over the strap 55 and through an opening in the side stake, as seen at Fig. 8. The header V(shown more particularly at Figs. 9 and 12)embodies a beam 75, extending outward .from the center'sill and supporting the intermediate sill, an outer shell-casting 76below the outside planking, and a metalv frame 77 filling the space between the floor. the beam 75, the casting 76, and the intermediate sill. Thist'rame has a central web, so that it isvery strong, and it is bolted to the floor by bolts 78; to the casting 76 by bolts 79, to beam 75 by bolts '80, and to the intermediate sill' byl bolts 81. lts outer end is 66 and, asshown at Fig. 26,` to enable it to span the sidestake located at suchend. A metal strap 82 extends from side to side of -the car belbw beam 75 and the center sill, and its ends are bent up, as at 84, into and bolted to the hollow of casting 76. Strong ,tie-rods Y 83 are passed through the car at each side of the web `offrame 77, as plainly shown.

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' forked in the same manner as the web-casting The beam 75is attached to theA center sill by l Avertical, angle -irons 8,5, bolted to both ot' them, asA seen at Fig. 9. The vertical bolts 86 unite the beam 75 and strap 82 to the sills, as shown.-

Arranged parallel and in proximity to each end sill and extending from each intermediate sill outward to a block 90, arranged below and in the plane of the planking 44, is another webbed frame-casting 91, bolted to the hoor, said block, and theinterinediate sill.

Below the casting 91 is a shell 92 of about the same length as fthe lasting andA intended to to both of them. r The eastingQl hasfare'cess 93 formed in its outer end .toA give roomto one of the main truss-rods 1.19.. The block 90 extendsv from the end sill to the bolster and' 4greatly strengthens the latter.

The doors 4.1 have top metal plates 94 eX- tending transversely of them at their ends' and center and bottom bearing plates or strips 95"wheretley come in contact with the supporting-rollers described later on. Theirin;

ner edges are hinged to the floor of theoar at each end and'at their longitudinal centers\v by hinges each consisting of the strap 96, calrrying the pintle and 'attached to theA under side et thefdoo'r and the eye-carrying plate 97, which is let-'into the edge of the "floors T hestrapfis bent upward and let intolthe -nnder snrIaee of the door, as shown,in order thatfemay not linliit the extent to which the door vmay be operated` by its contant with other'pirtsrl-, The joint at the hinged side of the door is so constrnetedthat itisl at all times proof against the entrance into it of grain, coal, or

dirt of any kind. To this end a plate 100 of hat metal is laid. longitudinally of the car, sothat a portion of its Width laps over onto the doors on one side' o' the ear,l a like plate being laidY along the ihinged sides of the series of doors on the other side of the ear. Along the hinged 'l side of eachloor is a longitudinal plate 101,.

of fiat metah'in Contact with the under surface of plate 100. This plate 101 is bent upward f slightly along its outer edgev and downwarvl ing` of the doors.

along its inner edge, and this downwardcurved portion is arranged to coincide with the inner edge ofthe door and so that when the door is lowered no opening between the plates 100and 101, will be formed, the curved side of the latter preserving` its close contant in all positions of the door, and thereby preventing the entrance into the hinges or into the space' between the door and the floor of grain, dust, or dirt.

The swinging edgesof the doors are `all supported on rollers 105', whichnot onlyrotate lbut are given a bodily'i'novement in a downward.- inclined direction toward the hinged side of the 'doors to permit the open- 'lwo of these rollers are positioned under each door, and they are mounted loosely on a bodily-moval'ile shaftv 106. There are four lof these shafts, each on either side of thelear, and, as the shafts are '.preferabiy square, sleeves or bushings 107,

rinthe webbed castingfffd, 77, and 91.

, its rotation. earrying the rollers for one-half of the doors rior of the rollers, are interposed kbetween them. The bushings are provided with flanges at each end, as seen at Fig. 14, to confine the roller and are themselves held from all shift ing along the shaft in some suitable way, as

by upsetting the metal at the corner of the'- shaft, as seen'at 108. The rollers are thus made loose, so that they may revolve ina different direction from that direetion in whichthe shaft may be turned;

- The shafts 106 at each end and at each of the three intervening cross-frame' members or between each pair of doors are provided with a rimmed gear, the form 109 (shown at Fig'.

, 16) being employed at each of the intervening iframe' members, the Aform-110 (shown at Fig. 17) at the outer end of the shaftaand the form`111- of Fig. -18 at the inner ends of the shafts. IThese gears are provided with rims upon one o r both ends of the teeth in order to give them strength, and, unlike-the rollers, they are fast on the shaft and are applied directly 'toyrvthe shaft without any interposed bnshing. /Each of them'meshes with a oor- `responding rack 112, the general typeof which '-isshown at Fig. 21, and which are supported The vwe'bsvof these castings' are all formed with elongated tpenings 113, inclined downwardly Vtoward thejnentral line of the car, and these openings iangedl to give them great strength andjto v'adapt them to support the racks, whi'ehl'are' preferablymade separate and secured infiplaeeby entering their depending tlanges in longitudinal grooves formed in the bottom of ltheopenings and boltingtl'irongh the web, as seen at 1141 in Figs.

1l and v412, or 'by otfs'ettlng the casting to re-` eeive the depending flange ofthe rack, as seen at FigsilO and 23. With this construction it will be seen that any rotary movement given to. the shaft 106 will cause it to move bodily through the openings 113 by reason ofthe engagementof the `gears 109, 110, and 111 with their respeet'ine racks, the rotation in one direction causing the shaft to traverse the openings in a downward and inward direction,so that the doors may open, and rotan tion in the other direction causing it to move upward and outward, so that the doorswill be closed. ily reason of the rotaryl movement of the shaft, whiehr iseansed by' manually-operated devices to be describedY inthe next paragrapl-i, the door-supporting rollers 105, which, as already stated, are"l loosely mounted on the shaft, tnrn alsoin the oppo-` site direction from the shaft, their rotation being eontrolled by their Contact. with the doors resting upon themand being due to the bodily movement ofthe shaft instead Vof They permita gradual opening of the doors and alsd" permit the partial instead of the full opening` of them whenever desired, as in ballasting. 0f eonrse it will be understood that the racks support the gears and the latter in turn support the shaft. so that the weight upon the doorscan have no defleeting eliect on.. the shaft.' The .shaft is wholly supported by, the gears, exee pt as hereinafter stated, and as agear is located between each pair of doors it will be seen that the shaft is supported so efficiently as to prevent all deflection.

The gears are assisted in supporting the ldoors when in their upper or normal position by rollers 115 on the same shaft with the lgears and steel blocks 116, supported in the webcastings and forming` rests for said rollers. The rollers are freely mounted on the shafts i5 106, bushings 117,'similar to those employed -with the door-rollers, being interposed between the shaftsand rollers, said bushings having collars upo'n one side to confine the assisting-rollers, as plain-ly seen at Figs. 10 to 13.

V For operating the shaft so that it will move bodily down or up in the openings 113 any suitable meeI anism may be employed which is adapted to' be actuated by manual power.r The construction which I prefer is shown at Y"5"1i`igs. l10, 22, and 23. A hand-wheel 120 is mounted on a short shaft 121, which is supported in a bearing 122, secured to the end sill and in the shell 92, and within the shell is aV sprocket-pinion- 123, which is mounted on 3 said shaft 121, soas to receive power from said wheel. 4Al large sprocket-wheel 124 is mounted on' the end shaft 106 over pinion 123, and a sprocket-chain'125 passes over the wheel 124, under the pinion 123, over an adjustable A3.5 idler or tightener 126, and under the pinion 127, the idler andi said pinion 127 being both located insaid shell and the Vpinion being at theinner end of the shell. `With this construction it will be seen that the shaft 10,6l can 40f Vberotated by -power applied to the hand-wheel :Land that the changes in position of the whe'el l 124 due to the bodily-movement of the shaft will' not affect the tension ofy the chain. Leckingl devices `are employed with this mechan- 4S'ism'1and consist, preferably,`of the? ratchet:

wheel 128 on shaft 121, ay pawl .128, hinged. upon bolt 129, and .a gravitating latch 130, lpivoted at 131-and: adapted. to be moved'into. locking poisition over the pawl.v Preparatory 'SO'tovopening the doors the latch is thrown up' broken lines at Fig.` 22.

The idler or; tightener isA supported upon a short' pivot 1,32, the ends of which projegt and the pawl thrown over, as indicated in lV through the wings of a U-shaped frame 13 which is vertically movable in`the shell 92. A screw 134, .inserted in the bottom of' the shell, 4hears upward on the frame 133 and enables me to adjust the latter to any extent y 6 necessary to take up the slack of the sprocketwhen the doors are closed, is by reason of that fact well adapted to stillen the car against strains or pressure comingr against it edgewise of .the floor and also to prevent lateral movement by the headers. The extent of the openingof the doors is limited by a rod 138, extendingr longitudinally of the car.

1n order to enable the removal of the rollershafts, so as 'to permit the repair or replacing of the gears or the roller, I secure the gears and roller in some way which permits their being slipped off the shaft with but little trouble `and provide an opening 136 in the end sill opposite the lowest position of the shaft, through which the shaft may be re- `moved endwise. 1 have already described gne way of confining the gears and rollers'in place which permits their being removed with trilling labor. The opening 136 is preferably kept filled by a screw or plug 13T. This featurc enables the removal ot' the shaft and the replacing of worn or broken gears and rollers without taking out a single bolt from the headers or bolstcrs, the driven sprocket-wheel, 'being also readily removable from the shaft."

The cross-frame members are increased in number above the number employed heretofore and to such an extent as enables the placing of one of them between each pair: of the doors, and by providing all of them with the webbedcastings at their ends 1 am enabled to form in them the inclined ways through which the doorsupporting shafts move and at the same time to give those shafts support in each cross member, and thus prevent any deflection of the shafts by the load upon the doors.

It will be noticed that the braces 42 form triangles with their bases resting on the bolsters and needle-beams and that the intermediate headers are suspended on the apices ofthe triangles. It will also be noticed that the stakes are firmly bolted to the 'side walls' and also to the holsters and headers, so that the' bracedside walls through the stakes l arewell adapted to assist the cross-frame members in sustaining the load. At each of- 4the headers except the holsters the tie-rods `83 are employed, and as they pass through Metal straps/E12 are .applied to theplanle' ing 44 outside the stakes to give the bolts utt-aehing the plankingr a better hold. The ends of' the car have similar planking 44, bolted to scenes cbannel-iron stakes 143, secured to the "end the sides and ends sills. and with similar straps M2 'outside the stakes. Angle-irons 145 are also applied preierably to the-inside ol' the corners, as shown. A bevel faced base-strip 146 'is arranged around the car at the junction of theio'or with I claim 1. 'rimer ila-ving an its insistenti Sun' located centrally and havingv a level and unobstructedlloor above the plane of Athe sillsa extending from end to endend from side to side of the caru said licor embodyingv twonseries .of outwardlyopening doors hinged tothe outside oi the sills. v f

2. The car all whose longitudinal sills are located centrally, and provided. with a level unobstructed licor above the sills, extending from end to end., :and side to sidebi 'the ca'r, such iloor embodying outwardlyn opening ,doors hinged'outside the line of the sills.

The car having all its longitudinal' sills located centrally; and having a'series of dumpldoors in its lloc-r extending from endito end of the car and hinged to the outside ofthe sills. n

d. The car having lll its longitudinal sills located centrally-,and also having a level door from end to end, the side portions'oi said door being formed by doors'hinged tothe outside of the sills and opening at their outer edges. i

5. The car having all its longitudinal sills located centrally and. also having a level door from end to end the side portions ot' said licor embodying doors hinged to the sills and 'opeling at their outer edges and located over the trucks. 6. The car having its-longitudinal sills located centrally arend also having alevel licor ex.h tending fron; en'd to end of tieA car and outwardly-opening dump-doors in said floor, said doors being^ y.provided with supports adapted to controlithfe extent ol' their opening, and to permit only apartial opening when that is` desired. y 7. The car whose longitudinal underi'rarning yconsists of center and intermediate si.lls and whose side walls are braced' byheavy diagoyial braces extending from stalreto stake,

and en tered at theirupper. ends under bentover portions of the stakes, substantially 'es specified.

8. The car having stakes 46 with bent-ove1n` portions 45, and diagonal braces entered under said bentfover portions, substantially as speci- 9. The car having only centrally-located sills, a level and unobstructed floor throughout, and as uperstructure provided with a base strip, said licor embodying a series of outwardly-openingdoors locatedoutside the sills and extending undersaid base-strip. Al0. The combination with the center and intermediate sills,of a bolster consisting of a lili" top bar with its endshent down, abottom bar, outside casting 58', the webbed casting 66, and the casting 68. -substantially as specilied.

ll-."l`hecornbination with the center and intermediete sills,.fof a bolster-bar, outside casting 58, wehbed casting dnfnd the stakes passing down through the 'orledends of the top 'bar and the webbed' casting, substantially as specified." i

l2. .The ear having its headers or crossfrarne ineinbers'provided with webbed castn ings which extend from' the intermediate sills outward to the stakes and support the latter, substantially 'as specified.v

13. The car having headers .embodying webbed castings extending'outward from the intermediatesills and beams below said easti'ngs extendingoutward from the center sills, substantially as specified.

le. The-'header consisting oi:` 'the webbed casting 77; the beam Z5 and the outside end c :asting, substantially as specified.

15. The headerconsisting ol' the webbed casting 77, the' beam '75, the outsideeud casting., and the shell casting 83, substantially as specified.

m16. The car whose longitudinal load-supportinglnembers consist solely vo l' the 'center sills", the intermediate sillsand the braced side walls of the box, and provided with dumpdoors in its door'aflong its side walls opening toward the outside ol the track, substentially1 as specilied. 17. The combi-nation with'the dumpfdoor of f acar, .olf means for supporting the swinging edge ofthe door when closed, consisting of rollers movable downward hack from said edge, substantially as specilied.

` i8. 'lfhe combination with the dump-door oi' ulcer, ofrnieans for supporting thoswinging edge of the door when closed, consisting ot' edge., and a shaft supporting said rollers, substantially as specified.'

19. The combination with the dump-doorof a ear, of asheft and rollers thereon for sufp-4 porting' the' swinging edge of the door, seid shaft beipg movable bodily downward and baclrlr'om said edge, substantially as specified.' 20. Theicprnbinatiou with the dumodoorof acer., of ash'aft'and rollers thereon 'for supporting the swinging edge of the door, said shaft roo rollers movable downward back from said..

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being movable bodily downward'and back from said edgesand means fon so moving said rollers, substantially as specified.

21. The combination with the dump-door of va car, of a shaft and rollers thereon for supporting the swinging edge of the door, said shaft being movable-bodily downward and baclr from said odg-eend means Jr'or moving said 'shafusubstantially as specified. ,1

22. The combination with* he durnpfdoor of a car, consisting of rollers'l'cae'd below the "door and movable from their normal positions in which they holdthe door closed, and acting,

to support the door in all of its positions, subs'tantially as specified.

being movable bodily downward and backward and being also rotatable, substantially as specified.. 4

24. The combination with the dump-door of aear, of a shaft and rollers thereon for supporting the swinging edge of the door,.said shaft being movable bodily downward and back-I ward and beingalso rotatable, and means for rotating the shaft, substantially as specified.

25. The combination with the dumpdoor of a car, of a shaft and rollers thereon for support' ing the swinging edge of the door, said shaft .being movable bodily downward and backward and being also rotatable, means for vrotating the shaft, and racks and pinions for noiving the shaft bodily,substantially asspeci- 26. The combination with the dump-:door of acar,o'fa shaft and rollers thereon for' supporting the swinging edgeof the door, said shaft being movable bodily downward and backward and being also rotatable, andthe rollers being loosely mounted on the shaft, substan-t tially as specified.

27.` The combination with the dump-door' of acar, ofashaftand rollers thereon for supporting the swinging edge of the door, said shaft being movablegbodily downward and backward and being also rotatable, means for rotating the shaft, stationary racks supported in the cross-framing, and pinions on the shaft, whereby'thel` rotation of the shaft causes its' bodily' movement, substantially as specified.

28. The combination with the cross-frame members of the ear and a' longitudinal series of dump'doors, of a shaft passing through said members, and carrying loose rollers f or sup'- porting the doors, inclined racks in said members meshing with pinions onthe'shaft, and' means for rotating the shaft and givin'git a bodily movement t`o' openy the doors, substan-4 tially as specified.

29. The car,the-underframing whereof consists of center and intermediate sills, end'sills,

holsters,needle-beamsand' headers', the latter located betweenthebolsters and needl`e-bearns`,` substantially asjspecilied'.

30. The car having alongitu'dinal seriesof dump-doors along each of 'its sides,and headers or cross `frames extending between-A the doors of each series and affording them lateral support.

frame members betweenv adjacentdoors, and a shaft extending through and sustained by said'h'eaders and supporting the doors, sub'- ,st'a'ntially as specified'.

\ 32.- The car having a longitudinal seriesof dump-doors along its sides, headers or cross--V ,tom formed of a piiiralit frame members between adjacent doors. vand a shaft extending through 'and sustained by said headers and` supporting the doors, said shaft being also supported at its outer end from the end sill. substantially as specified.

33. The car having its holsters and headers *allfprovided with cast-'metal ends having formed .in lthem inclined ways for the doorsupporting shafts, substantially as specified.l

, 34. The car having its holsters and headers all provided with castemetal ends having inelned openings and racks for the door-supporting shafts and ytheir operating-pinions, substantially as specified.

35. The car wherein are combined the dumpdoors, the c'rs membersl between the doors having castlmetal ends with inclined openings and racks, and the door-supporting shafts moving through said 'openings and having pinions meshing with 'the racks, substantially as specified.

36. The car wherein are combined the dump# doors. the cross members between the doors having cast-metal ends with inclined openings and racks, the end sill having a casting also. provided with an inclined opening and rack,

and the door-supporting shaft moving through said openings and having pinions meshing with the racks, substantially as specified.

37. The combination with the end sill and bodily-movable door-supporting shi'i'ft, of the casting 91 applied to said sill and provided with an opening in which the endof the shaft(y may be supported and be moved, substan-v tially as specified.

v38. The ,car having an endwise-removable door-supporting shaft located wholly inside the end sill, in combination with such end sill havingv an opening therethrough permitting 'the removal of the shaft when in one of its positions, substantially as specified.l

39. The door-supporting shaft having the rollersa'nd pinions carried by it readily releasabl'e s o they may be 'slipped gti", and itself removable endwise from the car, in combination with the frame members through which the shaft passes, substantially as specified.

40.- The combination with the doors andthe cross-frame membershaving inclined openings therethrough, of a bodily-movable and rotatin`g door-supporting shaft sustained in said openings and removable endwise therefrom, substantially as specitied. 'I

41. The car having its side walls braced by braces 42 whose lower ends are supported upon the holsters and needle-b`eams,'substantially as specified.

42. Theear having its side walls bracedby braces 42 supported at their lower ends upon holsters and needle beams, and themselves supporting the stakes of the intermediate headers, substantially as speeitied.-h

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43. In a car of the class' described, the comi binationof a suppgrtingv-frfueg'a drolgbot.4 0 swinging oors mechanism adapted to contact such doors to 808,394 i l y secured to the supporting-frame., and rolling close and, hold the saine in closed position, substantially as described.

4:4. ln a caro'fn the class described, the combination of a supportingframe portion, a drop-bottom portion therefor' formed of a plu-l rality'of swinging sections pivotally secured together at each side of the longitudinal center of the car, a, reciprocating bar extending swinging sections pivotally secured tlieretma reciprocating bar having a bearing portion in the supportiiig-framework of the car and con tacting the under side o f eachswinging section, and means for reciprocating said bar to open and close the swin ging sections, substantially as described.

46. ln a car of the class described, the combination of a supporting bottom frame, adropiioor section hinged in'said-frame, means snpporting said section and contacting with its under surface and movable bach and forth be? tween its hinged edge and its swinging edge, and regulating the opening by the extent 'of its movement,` means for operating said supportingmeans and Ameans for arresting said operating means at an intermediateposition.

47. ln .a car of. thefclass described, the com-- bination of a. supporting bottom frame, a drop l iloor section hinged'` in said frame, means suportin' the swinging side vof the section and contacting with its under .surface and mov.

able 'from the hinged side toward the swinging-side `to close the' section andjregulating thedoor by the position-to which the sopporti-ng means are moved and means for operating said supporting means.V v y 48. ln a car oi' the class described, the combination of a supporting bottom frame, adropdoor section hinged to a longitudinal member of the frame` means supporting said section and contacting with itsl under surface and ymovabletoward and from said longitudinal frame member in opening and yclosing said secl tion, said means being sustained inthe crossframing of the bottom, and means for operating said supporting means. 49. in a car of." the class described` the ecm- 'bination of asupporting bottom frame, a dropfioor section hinged to a central longitudinal member of lthe frame and opening at'its outeredge, means supporting said section and con' tacting with its under surfacef'and movable` outward from saidframe member in closing .the section, said means being sustained in the cross-framing ofl the ...bottom and means for operatingsaid supporting means. v

50. The combination jivithlthe hinged'du'mpmgfd oor of a flat-bottom carrot means for su p- ,porting the door in its closed and open posi tions, such means consisting of a rigid bar located under and extendinglengthwise across the door and movable toward the opening side oi the door to' close the same and toward' the hinged side to open it, szfpports for said bar at each end of the`door, .znd means for con` trolling said bar.

51. The combination with the hinged dump ingdoor of a iiatbotto m'car, ci' means for sup.-

porting the door in its-closed and open posi'- tions, such means consisting of a rigid bar' located linde-r and extending lengthwise across the door and movable toward the opening side oi the door to close the same' and toward the at each end of the door, and means Jfor controlling said bar, adapted to hold it rigidly in -an' intermediate position;

hinged side to open it, snpports for said bar 52. The combination with the hinged dumping-door of aflat-bottom car, oi' means for snp-- porting the door' in its closedand open positionssuch means consisting of a rigid barv having a bearing contact with the under sideA of the door andextending lengthwise across it, and movable" toward the hingedside of the door to open it, and toward the opening yside to'close it, supports for saidA bar at each end' oi' the door, and means for controlling the bar.

porting the door in its closed 4and open posi# 53: The combination with the hinged'dnmpingdoor of a 'liat-bottom car, of means for sup- I Ci tions, such means consisting of a rigidbar-e x tending lengthwise across the door and'hav'- ing a bearing contact with it at each end, said bar being movable toward the openingside of the door to close it and toward the hinged side to open it, .supports for said 4barst each end of the door, and means for controlling the bar. y

5d. T he combination with a hinged dumping-floor section, of a rigid bar" extending across the section and movable transversely' of the section and always in 'hearing contact therewith, means for controlling said [bar in its diiierent positions, andsupports -i'or the barlccated outside the section.' g

55. The combination with a hinged {dumpingdioor section, of a rigid han-extending ,such car-frame movable Ato open and closed position, a shaft reciprocatingly mounted beneat-h and supporting such door in both open and closed positions, and means for supporting the shat'tnnd thereby the dumping-door in 'both open and closed positions.

`57. In a dump-car, the ooxn'bination ofa'carf frulne, dumpingdoors pivotall-y mounted in such car-frame movabe to open and closed positions, u shaft reciprocatinglymounted ben eath and supportingsuoh doors, and supporting mechanism having upwardly :ind outwardly inclined supporting surface portions upon which such shaft is mounted and prol 

